Examine Sociological Theories Essay

Analyze sociological speculations that disclose the ethnic measurement to wrongdoing and abnormality (21 imprints) Recent insights show that individuals of color are multiple times bound to be in jail than whites. Ethnic gatherings are intensely over spoken to in detainment facilities. Waddington et al explored whether ethnic gatherings were focused by the police and whether they were dealt with unreasonably. Waddington et al reasoned that these ethnic minorities were halted and looked through more since they were out in the city at that point. His exploration could be censured in light of the fact that he just met the police, he didn’t meet the gatherings that were treated by the police. This would bring about the police perhaps lieing and saying that they treat the individuals of color similarly as similarly as they treat white individuals. Phillips and Bowling would differ with Waddington et al as they accept that the over policing of ethnic neighborhoods makes hatred. After the demise of Stephen Lawrence the McPherson report expressed that poor dark regions were over policed however under secured. This would again back up Phillips and Bowling and their hypothesis of over policing in poor dark zones. This enrages the individuals in these poor territories as a result of the way that the police are just focusing on them for specific wrongdoings, for example, drugs. The report expresses that they will haphazardly single out a regular workers dark male as opposed to another person for a stop and search as they accept these individuals are bound to hold drugs. This leaves the remainder of the individuals under secured in light of the fact that the police aren’t focusing on different wrongdoings, for example, burglary or attack. Skolnick accepts that most police generalization the youthful dark male just like a run of the mill guilty party. He says that these cliché convictions originate from the ‘canteen culture’ and it is this conviction that backs up Phillips and Bowling, as they would state that this conviction would prompt the over policing in the poor dark zones. Drabble examined whether individuals of color were dealt with unreasonably in the courts. He saw that blacks were almost certain as accused of more genuine types of offense than whites, whites were bound to be advised while blacks were bound to be indicted. This is proof of institutional prejudice referenced in the McPherson report. Hood found that individuals of color were progressively similar to get custodial sentences despite the fact that different disciplines, for example, fines and network administration were accessible other options. Fitzgerald explored ethnic minority road wrongdoing in London. He talked with youthful ethnic minority guilty parties and their moms and found that the higher the degrees of hardship in a zone, the higher the degrees of wrongdoing. It is a measurement that Afro Caribbean family units are bound to be going by solitary parent families, which at that point brings about higher wrongdoing in the family. This connections in with Charles Murray who said that solitary parent families would bring about higher odds of disappointment at score and subsequently higher odds of them going to wrongdoing. It additionally connects in with left authenticity and Jock Young and John Lea’s hypothesis of relative hardship. They state that individuals perpetrate wrongdoing when they feel denied, the media focuses on the significance of monetary merchandise and some will go to wrongdoing to get these products. They additionally state underestimation is an explanation behind the expansion in wrongdoing in light of youthful dark men are caused to feel on the edge of society with no one to defend them, this causes disappointment and disdain which prompts wrongdoing being submitted. These reasons at that point cause an expansion in subcultures or posses and subsequently an expansion in wrongdoing. These scientists could be condemned as they fortify generalizations of the youthful dark male just as not seeing white, working class wrongdoing. This would then connection in with Marxism and the way that the high society are being dealt with more decently with wrongdoing they submit than the lower class.

The impact of ICT on the local community Essay Example for Free

The effect of ICT on the neighborhood network Essay Presentation I live in the district of Waltham Forest. Waltham Forest is a serious propelled network as far as innovation. Innovation is utilized for different things, regardless of whether to make them increasingly effective or to offer a superior assistance. Walthamstow is a modest community situated inside Waltham Forest, which likewise harbors Leyton and Leytonstone. It is situated toward the North East of London and flanked toward the north by Chingford, toward the south by Leyton and Leytonstone, toward the east by Epping Forest, toward the west by Tottenham and the River Lea valley. Walthamstow is recognized by the London plan as one of the 35 significant focuses in Greater London. Walthamstows advertise is one of the longest day by day outside business sectors in Europe and overwhelms the High Street. There are different shops fixed along the high road with some top of the line anchor brands to a few separately opened slows down that spend significant time in food, textures, family unit products and other such stuff. The Mall in Selborne Walk is the biggest spot in the region to discover bunches of various brand shops selling top of the line merchandise fabricated and delivered to the mass open through enterprises rather than singular organizations. The individual organizations will in general be completely situated outside on the high road. The focal library has additionally as of late been repaired and modernized. It was extended from 2006-2007 to hold a more extensive scope of books to serve to the general population and offer a vastly improved support. Walthamstow likewise contains different things, for example, post workplaces, arcades, funfairs, good cause occasions and a wide range of schools. These incorporate the Frederick Bremer School (an alliance shaped in 2008 of the two schools Aveling Park and Warwick School for Boys), Forest School, The Holy Family Technology College, Kelmscott School, Walthamstow Academy, Walthamstow School for Girls, Willowfield School and Sir George Monoux College. There is likewise the Walthamstow Town Hall. The town corridor is utilized for an assortment of things, from significant chamber meeting to being leased for different reasons of need for example during the Muslim occasion, Eid, the Town corridor was utilized as a position of mass petition. The National Rail and London Underground Stations incorporate Walthamstow Central Underground and National Rail station, Blackhorse Road Underground and National Rail station, Walthamstow Queens Road, Wood Street, Highams Park and St James Street. The greatest would be the Walthamstow Central Underground and National Rail station which is, as the name states, in the focal of the town. It is situated close to the area of the fundamental transport stations that circumvent the entire town and close to the Selborne Walk Mall. This makes it a significant effective spot as individuals can go all through the town basically in the wake of showing up at the station. The station specifically is situated on the East finish of the Victoria Line, being the last stop. The transport administrations are likewise very perplexing. There exists a full framework Hopper Service and a multi highlight point organize which is overhauled to and from the fundamental transport terminal in Walthamstow Central to a cross system going through the middle and the edges. The five bits of innovation I will explore, surveying and assessing will be the accompanying: * Oyster-card/Travel framework * Librarian framework * ATM machines * Waltham Forest Council site * CCTV/Metropolitan site Clam card/Travel framework The Oyster card framework is a framework that capacities all through the entirety of London, inside the Tube and Bus administrations. It is a type of electronic ticketing which utilizes a database framework to follow travel data, connecting it back to the proprietor of the relating shellfish card, and charges them to the suitable degree for the voyaging costs of the administrations they utilized. Clam cards by and large should be topped-up to be utilized and works comparable in this capacity to a platinum card. The accompanying travel frameworks consolidate the Oyster card: London Underground, transports, the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, cable cars, certain waterway vessel administrations and most of National Rail Services inside the London Fare Zones. The Oyster card by and large shows up as the blue card seen previously. It tends to be utilized as a solitary ticket, period tickets and travel grant. It is additionally incorporated with a Smart card framework which utilizes certain information in the Oyster card to have the option to, without utilizing contact, be distinguished by Oyster card machines. Transports and train stages use Oyster card machines to filter the card. When the signal is distinguished, the individual is let through. Be that as it may, there are additionally various forms of Oyster cards which likewise accompany various costs and an alternate appearance. For instance, the card to the privilege is a case of a 11-15 age bunch Oyster Card and is the thing that all Oyster card holders in that age period hold. In this card, a photographic recognizable proof is required. How the Oyster card and London travel framework meets the communitys needs The Oyster card is a little, convenient, simple to convey card that carries on it the information of all your voyaging costs and cash put away on the Oyster card framework. This, yet it likewise holds the bit of leeway over tickets of being less expensive and giving limits, with transports being totally free for 11-multi year olds. These give the motivator to change from the out-dated ticket strategy to the modernized Oyster card framework. What this accomplishes for the network is furnishes them with a significantly more proficient and less expensive framework. A clam card can be bested up to a limit of à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½90. This would be equivalent to around 45 single tickets yet the clam card is equipped for conveying this across the board basic card that stores information inside it. Individuals can be significantly more composed with this framework and set aside a great deal of cash over the long haul. They can monitor their movements and the amount they are spending. Its compactness is something else that is incredibly significant to individuals who utilize the Oyster card framework. Individuals dont need to proceed to buy a ticket and sort it hard and fast. They should simply get their shellfish card, tap it on the framework and their voyaging business is arranged! It makes voyaging utilizing open administrations significantly more basic for anybody utilizing it. The brilliant card include imparts a little piece of information into the card, implying that its information can be recognized with the clam card perusers the legislature introduces. Individuals dont need to remove their clam card from their wallets as the card peruser can distinguish the card through wallets. This makes things simpler, particularly in packed transports. The issue of taking everything out, finding the card and evacuating it can overcomplicate things and sit around. The keen card include removes this long procedure and enables individuals to just tap and proceed onward. The movement framework joins a commencement framework on trains and transports to permit individuals to roughly observe when the transport/train will show up, regardless of whether itd be late, early or on schedule. Individuals can utilize this to realize that when will generally be available at the station so they can have the opportunity to do different things and realize that when generally will be back at the station. This allows individuals to invest their energy shrewdly as opposed to holding up at a station not realizing to what extent left to pause and not having any desire to miss the train or transport, either. The commencement framework on the train is increasingly precise as its all modernized however on transports, the greater part of them are utilized by means of a period plan on paper. The commencement framework basically permits individuals to arrange their time, plan out significantly more completely their travel and abstain from being late to arrangements. Theres a site made by the administration that accompanies the movement framework called Transport for London, got to from www.tfl.gov.uk. This site has data about everything with respect to the clam card framework, the train framework and as a rule, any open vehicle office in the entirety of London. In any case, other than data, it additionally has a movement organizer permitting you to design an excursion, keeping away from any issues, for example, shut lines or to know about any mishaps that have as of now occurred. This permits you to design a sheltered, quick excursion without any deterrents postponing you. This causes individuals to be reliable on their excursion. The site additionally permits you to sign on and see your data. Utilizing this, you can check the cash on your Oyster Card and top it up utilizing a charge card. This implies you can pre-plan your excursion to make sure you have enough cash forestalling any issues when voyaging. You can likewise discover other data on the site with respect to clam cards, for example losing the card, supplanting the card, benefits and some more. Transports can be physically halted at specific stops yet additionally have the decision to go past the stops. This implies pointless stops where nobody needs to get off or nobody needs to jump on can be skirted therefore sparing time and permitting individuals to get to their ideal goal quicker. Individuals can arrange for where they need to stop or avoid the stop if need be. There is likewise the crisis stop which stops at any area in the event that something risky occurs. This permits individuals to get off the transport if there should arise an occurrence of a loss or the like. As referenced in the commencement framework, transports have a serious exacting timetable they have to follow. The timetables are totally recorded in each transport stop or on the tfl.gov site so individuals know when a specific transport will show up. This can be more helpful than the commencement framework as the calendars remain the equivalent consistently. This implies individuals can design their excursion right to the dab and get to the station right when the transport shows up. Individuals realize when precisely to show up, so they arent too soon or past the point of no return. This spares them time. Rundown * While not totally important to utilize open vehicle in Waltham Forest, it gives the impetus of limited utilization of trains and transports, with transports being totally free with a 11-15 Oyster card * Easy to convey and simple to deal with on transports and prepares * Smart card highlight permits an a lot simpler contact/acquisition of transport administration, just requiring a to

Publishing abroad

Publishing abroad Daniel Parker Sophomore MIT-Russia Program Internship:Agency for Journalistic Investigation (AJUR) and RIA Novosti. This post was first published on http://dfactorial.tumblr.com I wrote an article about the warship, and it was published online! Please look: http://www.fontanka.ru/2012/07/04/070/ its in English, which a bunch of the reporters this morning laughed about. They joked and said it would have at the top, Special report from Boston! (where Im a student). One of the reporters, Andrei, told me (in Russian), congratulations on your debut! There appears to be some sort of argument of argument happening in the comments about them publishing something in English, lol. I was going to translate (as best I could) the article from the English that I wrote it in to the typical Russian they publish in, but the editor wanted to have it online immediately (i.e. this morning), so they decided to just run it as is. (Its sort of funny, since I dont think there are any other native English speakers here, so that means that no one probably went through carefully to proofread my prose. So, lol, Im not responsible for any errors.) I was assigned to start thinking about an article about foreigners living in St. Petersburg. So I guess I am going to start going around and bothering expatriates. One of the reporters pointed out to me that today was probably not a good day to call the American Consulate in St. Petersburg to get connected to the American expatriate community here. I had absolutely no idea why. She sort of looked at me incredulously, and then asked me if there wasnt a holiday today. I said, no, I didnt think there was? And then she said, something about independence? And then I looked at my calendar and saw that today is July 4th. So I guess Im so thoroughly out of touch with American life that I didnt even remember the coming of our most sacred national holiday! Also, I wanted to mention a potentially explosive story released today on Al-Jazeera that elevated levels of plutonium (the same highly-radioactive heavy metal used to poison Russian ex-spy Litvinenko impossible to produce without a nuclear reactor, i.e. likely involvement on the part of a belligerent country) were found on traces of biological fluids on remaining personal effects of the Palestinian leader Yassir Arafat.

Sports And Male Domination The Female Athlete As...

With the rise of feminism, gender inequality has been quite the topic in todays time. With the wanting of equal rights and treatment it has been pointed out as per which all places males have the hegemonic overview and women are the oppressed; one of the areas where its unequal in gender is in sport. This paper will examine and break down the issues regarding sex and gender biases within sports in modern day media and how it can be resolved. Over the course of time, sports have come to signify masculinity; athletics such as football and basketball easily having come to deem where one fits in terms of societal norms regarding gendered bodies. One could argue that sports, in a modern context, have come to be synonymous with the idea of athletic and/or muscular bodies, which are those that are not regarded as the bodies of ideologically feminine ones given the intense and high pressure nature. In â€Å"Sports and Male Domination: The Female Athlete as Contested Ideological Terrain† written by Michael A. Messner in 1988 sheds light on the idea that traditional images of femininity have come to solidify male privilege through the construction and naturalization of gendered characteristics regarding women such as weakness, fragility and dependency . By turning women away from playing certain sports, we are influenced to believe that they are not as qualified to play, compared to men. (Creedon, 1994). Ironically, women on the field seem to have to act tougher than the men. If anShow MoreRelatedWomens Sports Taken On A Women Athlete2536 Words   |  11 PagesVyse English II Honors 4/15/16 Womens Sports Taken On By a Women Athlete Today, sports are one of the biggest parts of our lives. Sunday night football has 64% of American?s sitting on their couch, rooting for their team. If anyone misses that, they have Monday and Tuesday night football to make it up. Besides football, which is the prominent headlight in this culture; sports like soccer, tennis, and basketball, sits close behind. However, most of these sports are linked with men; women are rarelyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesFront during the Christmas truce of 1914 The operation of three types of control in relation to an organizational task Factors impacting on the viability of different forms of control Postmodern pastiche architecture in Las Vegas Business sponsoring sport Atkinson’s flexible firm Dimensions of labour market segmentation 8 9 19 29 30 31 34 37 40 42 56 61 65 65 72 78 104 108 109 111 112 119 131 132 154 157 175 200 204 221 226 . xviii List of figures Figure 5.5 Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 Figure

Minimum Wage Should Be Increased - 1472 Words

In today’s society it’s expensive to live in New York and getting by day by day is very difficult if you are living on minimum wage. Of course it’s more difficult for some people than others depending on their situation and their living conditions. Americans and working class people who do come to America for a â€Å" better opportunity† and for the famous American dream struggle. Minimum wage should be increased because of the overqualified, educated, and experienced Americans who are relying on minimum wage jobs as a result of the struggling economy. Raising minimum wage will help employees sustain themselves with a better salary. Minimum wage is one of the difficulties in the United States and around the world. Most of the countries have some type of minimum wage. Let’s take a look at the history of minimum wage. Minimum wage in the United State isn’t as old as you think might be. The first federal minimum wage was first introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s. At first minimum wage was set at 25 cents an hour, which works out to about $4 per hour in today’s money. Minimum wage was introduced during the Great Depression, there was no national minimum wage or anything to protect workers from exploitation. â€Å"Because of the lack of regulation tens of thousands of workers were routinely exploited in sweatshops and factories, forced to work in horrible conditions and for pennies a week† (Minimum-wagehistory). In 1936 the labor union decided to create a mandatoryShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Increased1057 Words   |  5 PagesRebecca Nevins Meredith Sides English 101 16 November 2015 Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Congress enacted the federal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higherRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Increased?1691 Words   |  7 PagesShould Minimum Wage be Increased? Introduction The term, â€Å"minimum wage† refers to a lowest payment that an employer is bound to pay to its workers. Today minimum wage is made compulsory in more than ninety percent of nations including Canada where workers are demanding to increase minimum wages for a long time. Minimum wages are revised by governments in order to met growing needs of workers. There is a difference of opinion on the issue of increasing minimum wages among people of Canada. EmployersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Minimum Wage Should be increased to a Living Wage. Back in 1998 Labour s’ Tony Blair introduced the national minimum wage (NMW). It was created in aid of employers not valuing their workforce, often giving them very little wages. When it was first introduced the rate was set at  £3.60 and has slowly risen to  £6.70. However this is not enough to live on. It has been estimated that you need no less than  £7.85 an hour, rising to  £9.15 in London, to survive on. There is a clear differenceRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe federal minimum wage. The post may have a picture of a soldier, a disheveled EMT in the back of an ambulance, or a waving American flag with overlying text stating something to the effect of ‘â€Å"Burger flippers† think they should be paid as much as these minimum wages workers? No way!’ If my experience on social media is any indicator, the most popular posts always contain â€Å"burger flipper† or â€Å"baconator.† Posts like the ones described above make moral judgements about the minimum wage with littleRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Increased1669 Words   |  7 PagesFederal minimum wage is a huge controversy around the world and especially in the United States today. It is the lowest wage that employers can legally pay their employees. The world’s first minimum wage law was passed in the year eighteen ninety-four in New Zealand. New Zealand’s minimum wage experiment caught the attention of other countries. It made them start considering the law for their own countries. The United States passed their federal minimum wage law in nineteen thirty-eight. The federalRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease the minimum wage in California from ten to fifteen dollars by the year 2022. The minimum wage will be increased by one dollar each year until 2022. This will give businesses enough time to meet state requirements to raise wages for em ployees. The bill was created to help people who are making less than minimum wage but it will disable California’s economy system and cause negative effects for people who are living on the current minimum wage system. The rise of the minimum wage will causeRead MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be Increased?1169 Words   |  5 Pageslarge scale over the State of Michigan’s plans to increase the minimum wage from seven dollars and fifty cents to ten dollars. Although increasing the minimum wage may seem beneficial to some, possibly stimulating the economy or increasing the standard of living for those who live below the poverty line, when looking at the economic issue through a larger lens and placing it into its context, one finds that by increasing the minimum wage, not only is the State of Michigan not addressing the most criticalRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1048 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency and ultimately, raising the minimum wage doesRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased911 Words   |  4 PagesThe question that ponders many people’s minds is whether the federal minimum wage should be increased or not. The current U.S. minimum wage is $7.50 and this wage has not increased since 2009. Families with minimum income wages are suffering due to the fact that they cannot provide everyday needs for their families. This is the reason why many people are rioting. They are frustrated with the government’s nonchalant attitude towards the hard situations i n which they are living in. A final decisionRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1180 Words   |  5 Pagesto come to conclusions that the federal minimum wage is excessively low. The government can stand to help people gain more money, resulting in a less poverty-stricken country. The cost of living or gaining has increased significantly over the past twenty years, and the minimum wage, for most isn t enough for them to support themselves. There have been efforts to increase the federal minimum wage, but none has succeeded in getting approved. Minimum wages are too low for a human, to provide for

Citizenship Coursework- Illegal Downloading Free Essays

More than 8 million people are illegally downloading at any one time; it has become a major problem for the music industry. Many people do not see the problem it causes and many do not realise the effect of what they are doing, some don’t even seem to know that it is illegal. Although most people do not seem to notice the effects, the film and music industry are noticing. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizenship Coursework- Illegal Downloading or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are noticing a loss in revenue. This then prevents things such as new upcoming or just plain decent only just found musicians and artist. Plus some films never make it to production, there original ideas never to be shared. Musicians pushing forward in the career are missing out on opportunities after much time and effort has been put in (plus there are a lot of band that just fluke it to success). So on general people in these industries that deserve to be recognised have a much less chance thanks to illegal downloading. Basically it’s Stealing, stealing music is the same as stealing anything else. It is illegal and the consequences are real – for you and for the music. Stealing music is against the law. Stealing music betrays the songwriters and recording artists who create it and stifles the careers of new artists and up and coming bands. Stealing music threatens the livelihood of the thousands of working people from recording engineers to music retailers and their staffs who are employed in this industry. Downloading music is a great way of reaching out for musicians if it is done in a controlled manner in which the musicians can still be paid for there ‘work’. Plus it is just another way that people can access musician’s songs. This is a handy way for customers as we live in a society that uses mp3 players where all their music is transferred over the media device. Rather than good old CD players and well cassette players, where you had to go out and but the CD’s or tape, which is more efficient from piracy. But artist have to keep up with modern devices to make sure their music gets out there. Fans want to access music in the easiest possible way and that way is over the internet rather than going to town to but the CD, just being lazy. Although some may be down to the fact a lot of teenagers are unable or don’t know how to set up an account with a legal download site or company such as iTunes. But want is quite worrying to say the least is the fact that there are those out there who do now realise it is wrong. Also there are those who try to justify illegal downloading. For the customer it all comes down to two many things; cost and convenience. The only decent way about it is if the music is downloaded illegally and the person likes that album or whatever they then go out and buy it, if they don’t then they just delete it. It is a way about it but not around it, There will always be those trying to get what they want for a little as possible and if that is free then they will do it. It is just that the internet can do so much to help new band get recognised, however the internet is pretty much impossible to monitor and patrol completely and strictly. People will take advantage of this and are doing so. Illegal downloading is a hot topic and those who have an opinion may differ hugely form other, a lot tend to sit back about the situation but those that take side tend to feel strongly about it. There are those that realise what they are doing and continue to do so without thinking about the negative effects they are having on peoples lives, not just the musicians but others working in the industry. On the other hand they should do more to allow more to by CD’s as many of them are highly priced, which they don’t need to be as more money comes from gigs then album sales. Then again there is no excuses for downloading illegally. Though the music industry should realise that it must spread out across the internet and do it’s best to appeal to customer over the internet. .Both sides of this argument have to make changes, as they are actually both losing out, the industry are making loses and the listener are missing out on potentially great music from artist not given a chance, as well as them missing out. So changes must be made to end piracy and get the music industry to appeal to more people so no losses are made and all is pretty damn good. How to cite Citizenship Coursework- Illegal Downloading, Papers

Demand and supply of Tea in the Australian Market

Question: Discuss about the Demand and supply of Tea in the Australian Market. Answer: Introduction Demand is the will and ability of a customer to purchase a certain amount of commodities at a given price in a specified period of time. Supply is the willingness and ability of producers to sell a certain amount of commodities at a given price in a specified period of time. Demand for tea refers to the willingness and ability of the tea consumers to buy at the current market price (Pinkasovitch, 2011). Demand for tea is highly affected by non price factors that lead to shift or movement of quantities demanded of the demand curve. Supply of tea refers to the will and ability of tea producers in the country who will sell tea in the market at the current price. Non price factors influence the amount of tea that suppliers sell (Investopedia, 2010). According to Australian Health Survey released on 2014 that was carried on 2011-2012 showed that tea is consumed by 38% of the total population of Australia. Coffee which is a close substitute to tea was consumed by 46% of Australian population. The Australian market has experienced changes in the recent years that have led to changes in the in demand and supply of tea in the country. This paper explains the factors that affect the demand and supply of tea in the Australian market. Factors that affect demand for Tea Demand for tea is affected by several factors in the Australian Market. These factors are; Price of substitutes, population, consumers expectation, prevailing price of tea, consumer level of income, taste and preference of a consumer. These factors are discussed below. To begin with is the level of income that buyers have. The level of consumers disposable income determines there purchasing power. When the consumer purchasing power increases, the amount ht consumers are able to purchase also increases. This leads to an increase in demand and vice verse. Second is the price of coffee. When the prices of coffee increase, more customers shift to consume tea. This is because tea and coffee are substitute products in the market. Therefore, consumers will shift from consuming much of quantity of coffee and start consuming more of tea. Alternatively, when the prices of coffee decrease, consumers will shift from consuming much quantities of tea and increase their consumption of coffee (Mankiw and Taylor, 2011). Third is a change of taste and preference. A slight change in taste can lead to an increase or decrease in demand. Tea is highly consumed because of taste and unfavorable change in taste will lead to decrease in demand while an improvement on taste will increase demand. The fourth factor is the consumer expectation. The anticipation of the prices of tea in the future determines the amount of tea that consumers will buy. Consumers anticipating an increase in tea prices will buy more today leading to an increased demand. Also, consumers expecting a fall in tea prices will delay purchasing tea until the time arrives. Another factor is the Population consuming tea. This is the number of buyers in the market. The larger the number of tea buyer, the higher the demand for tea. A large population that consumes tea increases the demand for quantities of tea and vice verse. Lastly is the prevailing price of tea. The price of tea determines the amount of tea that a customer will buy. An increase in price will reduce the willingness and ability (purchasing power) of a consumer to buy tea. A decrease in the price of tea will lead to an increased amount of products that the consumers will be able to purchase hence an increase in demand (Harpercollege.edu, 2016). Factors that affect Supply of Tea Supply of tea is affected by the level of technology, taxes, suppliers expectation, number of suppliers in the market and prevailing price of tea. These factors are discussed below. The first factor is the level of technology available. Advancement in the level of technology will increase efficiency in production thereby enabling producers to gain more at the existing market prices. This will increase the amount that the producers are able to supply in a market (Khan Academy,2016). Secondly are the taxes levied or incentives allowed by the government. An introduction or increment of taxes from the government will increase the cost of production or availing commodities in the market. This will make it hard for supplier with the existing market prices and in the most likely action will be reducing supplies or leaving the market. An increase in taxes will decrease the amount supplied in the market. Alternatively, reduction of taxes or incentives to produce from the government will enable producers to produce and supply more in the market (Mankiw and Taylor, 2011). Third is prevailing price of tea per unit. An increase in the prices of tea will attract more suppliers into the market. Higher prices give good returns to producers and therefore willing to supply the market. A decrease in tea price in the market will tend to scare suppliers because of small margins therefore leading to decrease in the amount supplied. The fourth factor is the Suppliers expectations .producers anticipation of the market determines the amount of Tea they will supply. When producers are expecting an increase in price of tea in the near future, they will intention hold stock to take advantage of the prevailing market prices. Alternatively, suppliers will intentionally flood the market when they anticipate a fall in the market price of tea (Gijo, E., 2011). Another factor is the number of tea suppliers in the market. The number of Tea suppliers determines the amount of tea that can be supplied in the market at a given time. Many suppliers will increase the supply of tea and vice verse. Lastly is the cost of production. When the cost of inputs increases, producers are unable or unwilling to produce and supply much in the market. Therefore, an increase in cost of producing tea will lead to decrease in the amount of tea supplied in the Australian market. Conclusion From the discussion above, I conclude that tea follows both the law of demand and supply It is evident that an increase in prices of tea leaves leads to a decrease in amount of quantities demanded implying that price and demand are inversely related. Also, an increase in tea price will lead to an increase in amount of quantities supplied which indicate a positive relationship between price and supply. Therefore, tea exhibits characteristics of a normal good. I can also conclude that neither demand nor supply on its own can determine the price of tea. High demand is offset by increased supply and vice verse. This condition gets stable at a point that shows the highest price that consumers are willing to buy at and the lowest suppliers are willing to sell at in the Australian market. This point is the equilibrium point of tea in the market. References Australian Health Survey.(2014). Nutrition First Results - Food and Nutrients, 2011-12 Expanding in Australia to meet demand. (2003). Filtration Separation, 40(3), p.14. Harpercollege.edu. (2016). Demand and Supply. [online] Available at: https://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/eco212i/lectures/sd/sd.htm [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Gijo, E. (2011). Demand forecasting of tea by seasonal ARIMA model. IJBEX, 4(1), p.111. Investopedia. (2010). Law Of Supply And Demand Definition | Investopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/law-of-supply-demand.asp [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Mankiw, N.G. and Taylor, M.P. (2011). Andover: Cengage Learning. Economics (2nd ed., revised ed.). Khan Academy. (2016). Khan Academy. [online] Available at: https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/microeconomics/supply-demand-equilibrium [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Pinkasovitch, A. (2011). Introduction To Supply And Demand | Investopedia. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/intro-supply-demand.asp [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016].