intelligence Essays -- essays research papers

Intelligence is the level of competence, ability to learn or to some peopleit is how well an individual performs on an IQ test. The structure of recognition is best subdivided into two significant categories. They beenvironmental and patrimonial influences. Environmental differences can be divided into different factors. Thedeprivation model of social home and intelligence consists of threevariable stars. These variables explain, in terms of environmental factors,development and performance which are correlated with social status. The first of these variables consists of the combination of birth order,nutrition, and prenatal care. Children who are first born, on averagescore better on mental tests. There is a definite high number of firstborn children among higher socioeconomic groups as opposed to lowersocioeconomic groups. According to Bruce Eckland, children of highereconomic class tend to be brighter, on average, than children of lowereconomic groups (65). two prenatal stre ss and malnutrition, impairdevelopment and are found much to a greater extent frequently among lowersocioeconomic classes. According to Philip E. Vernon, the fetus can become lack blood supply and growth of the fetus can be disturbed if themother takes certain drugs or suffers from certain diseases. Severe stresson the mother can also be hazardous to the fetus (84). These conditionsexpressed are both genetic and or resulting from environmental conditionsand are known to as constitutional factors. The second variable of thedeprivation model which helps exhibit differences in performance is the ethnic variable. It seems that lower socioeconomic classes experience aunique figure of speech of behavioral and psychological traits which impairdevelopment in children raised in these conditions. The last environmentalvariable that accounts for differences in the cognitive development is thesocial cultural variable. This variable includes deprivation which involvessocially structured inequal ities in education and other social opportunitiesfor improving performance. Sidney W. Bijou states that in order to helpdevelopment, an ample supply of strong-arm stimuli for cognitivedevelopment is favorable along with the people who have to managethese stimuli in contingent relationships after the birth of the child (230). Another environmental parcel to intelligence, which Bijou points outis th... ...ort theconclusion that both genetic and environmental components have asignificant effect upon the intelligence of the child. There has also beensome research make on identical twins who live in different environments. They have been compared with siblings who are not twins but live in thesame environment. The correlation coefficient results for twins who live apart is .75and .24 for no-twin siblings who do live together. It seems that together,these two correlations almost add up to 1.00 which is the total phenotypicvariance. Vernon points out that the effect of genes is much mor epowerful than that of the environment. Even though the precise values ofthe correlations are of dispute, analyses of kinship data, concludesVernon, provides the most convincing demonstration of genetic influenceon intelligence. Undoubtedly ,the return of intelligence can be defined in many ways. To better understand intelligence psychologist have rendered two maininfluences as cause for variable intelligence levels. These two maininfluences as discussed previously cannot be explained as one being themain determinant of intelligence. This two influences are environmentaland hereditary influences.